The important role of agricultural microbial inoculants in agricultural green production and the development of ecological civilization

Liaoning Deshen Microbial Technology Co., Ltd. Written by the expert group

In the 1970s, with the rapid development of mechanization, energy and chemistry, agriculture entered a period of unprecedented development. At the same time, with the large-scale use of pesticides, fertilizers, machinery and herbicides, crop yields have been greatly increased, labor productivity has been greatly improved, and to a large extent the contradiction between the rapid population growth and the demand for large amounts of food has been alleviated. However, in recent years, a series of adverse consequences have gradually emerged: the agricultural output has increased, but the agricultural ecological environment has deteriorated. For example, the river water around me is getting more and more smelly, the fish, shrimp, and frogs in the water are getting less and less, the earthworms in the fields are gone, and the birds in the woods are also gone. This is because the large-scale application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides pollutes the environment and destroys the ecological balance of the soil. Continuing to increase the amount of fertilizer on the soil that is not lacking in nutrients will not only not improve crop yields, but will also increase soil compaction. The pesticide kills the pests and also kills the beneficial birds. The birds can't fly back, but the bugs appear again, and the resistance to the pesticides is getting stronger and stronger.
The abuse of pesticides and fertilizers has caused serious consequences such as soil compaction, farmland degradation, increased crop diseases and insect pests, deterioration of ecological conditions, decline in the quality of agricultural products, and increased farming costs. As a big agricultural country, China uses more than 300,000 tons of pesticides and 59 million tons of fertilizers every year. The use of pesticides and fertilizers is far higher than that of developed countries. Therefore, the environmental deterioration caused by the excessive application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the discharge of livestock and poultry manure, and the residues of agricultural film and other agricultural wastes in my country is more prominent, and even directly affects agricultural production and food safety.
With the development of modern microbial technology, we see hope to solve the above problems. The development and application of microbial fertilizers are of particular significance to the sustainable development of China's agriculture. It can improve and maintain soil fertility, transform nutrients, improve fertilizer utilization, promote crop growth, antagonize soil-borne diseases, purify the environment and balance ecology. system plays an important role. The use of microbial fertilizers will not only cause no new pollution, but also control and improve the environment, resulting in long-term good ecological effects. The use of modern microbial technology to develop and utilize unconventional feed resources can improve the nutritional value and utilization efficiency of feeds, reduce the amount of antibiotics, improve the safety of livestock and poultry products, and become an important means to solve a series of problems such as breeding environmental pollution.
Today is an era of ecological civilization, and the pursuit of harmonious development between man and nature is the main theme of today's social development. The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China elevated "building an ecological civilization" to a millennium plan for the sustainable development of the Chinese nation. To firmly establish the socialist concept of ecological civilization, we must establish and practice the concept that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, adhere to the basic national policy of saving resources and protecting the environment, and treat the ecological environment like life. Follow the laws of nature and realize the green development of agriculture. Agricultural development is closely related to the ecological environment, and a good ecological environment is the foundation and guarantee of agricultural development. In the context of increasing resource and environmental constraints, there is an urgent need to implement green agricultural production methods, resolutely retreat from those that should be withdrawn, reduce those that are overloaded, and put in place the effective governance of such governance, so as to accelerate the formation of efficient resource utilization and stable ecosystems , a new pattern of agricultural development with good production environment and product quality and safety.
With the global climate change and the reform of farming system, new changes have taken place in the catastrophic law of pests and diseases in my country. The frequency of some transnational and cross-regional migratory and epidemic outbreaks of major pests and diseases has increased, and the occurrence range of some regional and occasional pests has expanded. The severity of the damage is aggravated, which seriously restricts the continued bumper harvest of food in my country. According to statistics, crop diseases and insect pests in my country are frequently recurring, covering an area of ​​nearly 7 billion mu every year. Due to insufficient prevention and control capabilities, nearly 50 billion catties of food and more than 35 billion catties of economic crops are lost every year. In recent years, the problem of excessive pesticide residues in agricultural products has received extensive attention. According to industry insiders, for a long time, some places have relied too much on the use of pesticides, which has led to the rise of pest resistance, the decline of control effects, and the aggravation of agricultural non-point source pollution. The relevant person in charge of the Department of Planting Industry of the Ministry of Agriculture said that the application of pesticides is still an important plant protection measure at present and for a long time in the future. To build a modern plant protection system, it is necessary to improve the monitoring and control methods of pests and diseases as soon as possible, change the traditional prevention and control methods, improve the technical level of modern plant protection materials and equipment, vigorously promote the green prevention and control technology, and control the residues of pesticides and harmful biological toxins from the production process. The role of microbial preparations in agricultural production is mainly manifested in:
1. Improve the soil. Microbial preparations can form a good environment suitable for crop growth and development, improve soil structure, promote agglomeration, improve soil fertility, enhance soil water seepage, water retention, and air permeability, and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides year by year. Accelerates the decomposition of soil organic matter, increases the effective nutrient content significantly; enables the rapid reproduction and continuous replenishment of effective microorganisms in the soil, and inhibits the invasion and development of pathogenic microorganisms in the soil. Promote the increase in the number of soil micro-fauna (such as beneficial mites, earthworms and beetles) that feed on microorganisms and their decomposition products, resulting in fundamental changes in the composition of the micro-ecosystem throughout the plough layer, improving soil biological activity and buffering capacity.
2. Promote plant growth and development. Microbial preparations can enhance the photosynthetic capacity of plant leaves, such as fruit trees sprayed with microbial liquid on the leaves, the leaves are thickened and shiny. Promote root growth, and can effectively improve fruit setting rate when used in flowering and fruiting periods. The application of microbial preparations in continuous cropping plots can obviously promote the growth and increase the yield.
3. Improve plant disease resistance and stress resistance. Microbial preparations can produce a large number of beneficial substances, such as amino acids, organic acids, polysaccharides, various vitamins, various biochemical enzymes, growth-promoting factors, antibiotics and antiviral substances, etc., to improve the stress resistance of crops. Increasing the dissolved oxygen concentration in the water is conducive to root respiration; it can improve the soil water retention capacity, and at the same time, it can strengthen the protective film of leaves and reduce water loss. Inhibit the survival and reproduction of harmful microorganisms, reduce and gradually eliminate soil-borne diseases and insect pests and continuous cropping obstacles.
4. Improve crop yield and quality. Increase crop yields. Studies have shown that when 5-10 kg of microbial preparation fermentation broth is applied per acre of crops, the yield increase is generally as follows: grain and oil crops increase by more than 10-20%, of which soybeans can increase by more than 10-30%; leafy vegetables increase by 8-26% Above, the increase in yield of tubers and tubers is greater; the rate of flower and fruit preservation of melons and fruits is increased by more than 40%. Improve crop quality. After the application of microbial preparations to melons and fruits or fruit trees, the single fruit weight and sugar content were significantly increased; the flowers could bloom half a month earlier, the flowers increased more brightly, and the flowering period was prolonged. Extend the shelf life of fruits. Spraying microbial preparations before harvesting fruit trees can not only supplement nutrients to the leaves, but also prolong the fresh-keeping period of the fruit. After harvesting, soak the fruit with microbial preparation diluent for 2 minutes, then dry it and store it, which can also prolong the fresh-keeping period.